条斑紫菜叶状体不同区域光合活性的研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

杨睿灵  乔洪金  周伟  王广策  潘光华 《海洋科学》2011,35(8):63-66

以幼嫩条斑紫菜（eorphyra yezoensisUeda）为材料,研究了叶状体基部到梢部组织的固碳率和光合活性的变化。结果表明：（1）基部到梢部不同区域组织的固碳率不同,基部区域组织固碳率明显低于其他区域,靠近梢部区域的固碳率最高;（2）基部到梢部不同区域的光合活性和叶绿素水平也不一样,基部和梢部组织的光合活性偏低...  相似文献   

Effects of irradiance on pigment signatures of harmful algae during growth process     

LIU Shuxi  YU Zhigang  YAO Peng  ZHENG Yan  LI Dong 《海洋学报(英文版)》2011,30(6):46-57

Three harmful algal bloom (HAB) species, Phaeocystis globosa, Thalassiosira rotula, and Proro-centrum donghaiense were isolated from the coast of China and cultured in batches at three light intensities (40, 70 and 150 μmol photons·m^-2·s^-1). The variation patterns of cell numbers and growth rates with light intensity during growth process were different among species. In P. globosa and T. rotula, maximum growth rates were found at 150 μmol photons·m^-2·s^-1 and ranged from 0.60 divisions per day in T. rotula, to 1.17 divisions per day in P. globosa. The highest growth rate of P. donghaiense, however, was found at 70 μmol photons·m^-2·s^-1 (0.36 divisions per day). In general, all the three HAB species showed adaptation to increasing light intensity by decreas-ing cellular concentrations of chlorophyll a (Chl a), but the variation patterns during the growth process were species-specific. The cellular concentrations of Chl a in P. donghaiense and T. rotula increased gradually with incubation time, but the opposite trend was found in P. globosa. Most of the pigment ratios and pigment indices of these three species were nearly constant during the growth process and showed small changes at different light intensities illustrating the applicability of chemotaxonomy during the initial and developing stages of HAB events, which is very important to study the ecological issues related to HAB species. Ratios of photoprotective carotenoids, such as diadinoxanthin, diatoxanthin and β,β-carotene to total chlorophylls a (Tchl a) showed the trend of increasing with the increase of light intensity during growth process. The species-specific and pigment-specific variations in pigment ratios/indices at different light intensities during growth pro-cess probably reflected the differences in the pigment composition as well as the adaption capabilities of different species to the changes of physical conditions.  相似文献   

Effects of drought stress on antioxidant enzyme, photosynthetic pigment and flavonoid pathway in two desert shrubs   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

YuBing Liu  MeiLing Liu  Bo Cao 《寒旱区科学》2011,3(4):0332-0338

Antioxidant enzyme activity, photosynthetic pigment content, and free malondialdehyde (MDA), as well as flavonoid content and the key enzyme activity in the flavonoid pathway were determined in two desert shrubs, Caryopteris mongolica Bunge and Reaumuria soongorica (Pall.) Maxim. under drought stress. The free MDA content was enhanced during the experimental period, which may be an indicator of oxidative stress. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activities in C. mongholica showed a significant increase during the experiment, but catalase (CAT) activity was slightly decreased. On the other hand, POD and APX activities showed a significant increase and SOD and CAT activity data had no significant changes in R. soongorica. APX, SOD, and CAT activities were higher in R. soongorica than in C. mongholica, but MDA content was lower, indicating that the lower values of MDA were attributed to higher activities of antioxidant enzyme in R. soongorica. Chlorophyll content decreased significantly in the two shrubs during the experiment, which indicated that there was a photoprotection mechanism through reducing light absorbance by decreasing pigments content. Caretonoids content increased in C. mongholica and decreased in R. soongorica. The ratio of Chla/Chlb decreased significantly but caretonoids/Chl revealed a significant increase in the two shrubs, which could be explained as no decrease of peripheral light-harvesting complexes and a higher tolerance to drought. Total flavonoid content and the activities of phenylalanine ammonialyase (PAL) and chalcone isomerase (CHI) showed different changes between C. mongholica and R. soongorica after treatment. These values decreased in R. soongorica and increased in C. mongholica except for PAL activity. However, anthocyanin content increased in the two shrubs, indicating that there was a different regulation response in the flavonoid pathway in the two shrubs under drought stress, and anthocyanin should be an important antioxidant both in the shrubs. Our results demonstrated the different responses of antioxidant defense and drought tolerance ability between the two shrubs.  相似文献   

地下水位对胡杨(Populus euphratica)和灰胡杨(Populus pruinosa)叶绿素荧光光响应与光合色素含量的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王海珍  陈加利  韩路  徐雅丽  贾文锁 《中国沙漠》2013,33(4)

在塔里木河上游利用便携式调制叶绿素荧光仪研究了地下水位对胡杨(Populus pruinosa)和灰胡杨(Populus pruinosa)光合色素和叶绿素荧光光响应的影响.结果表明:不同地下水位环境下,2树种表观光合电子传递速率(ETR)、非光化学猝灭系数(NPQ)、PSⅡ激发能压力(1-qP)、天线色素热耗散能量(D)、非光化学反应耗散能量(E)、光合功能相对限制值(PED)和光系统间激发能分配不平衡偏离系数(β/α-1)随光合有效辐射(PAR)增加而升高,PSⅡ实际光化学效率(ΦPSⅡ)、光化学猝灭系数(qP)和光化学反应能量(P)则随PAR增加而降低;相同光强下,地下水位下降导致胡杨和灰胡杨叶片含水量、最大电子传递速率(ETRmx)、光化学反应启动速率(θ)、ETR、ΦPSⅡ、qP、P与叶绿素(Chla、Chlb、Chl(a+b))和类胡萝卜素(Car)含量降低,而使Chla/b、NPQ、D、E、PED、1-qP、β/α-1明显升高;地下水位下降显著影响2树种叶绿素荧光光响应参数,引起光能吸收、传递与分配改变,致使光合效率降低;地下水位下降对灰胡杨光合生理过程的影响程度明显高于胡杨,表明胡杨对荒漠逆境的适应性强于灰胡杨.逆境下胡杨通过维持相对较高的ETR、ETRmax、θ、ΦPSⅡ、qP、P值,并通过增强非辐射性热耗散来调节自身能量代谢,以此来保护光合机构正常运转,这是胡杨长期适应干旱荒漠逆境而形成的一种自我调节机制.  相似文献   

The extraction of pigments from fresh Laminaria japonica     

杨立群  李鹏程  樊守金 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2008,26(2):193-196

The pigments in Laminariajaponica was extracted with six organic solvents and analyzed in spectroscopy analysis. The extractions conditions were screened by an orthogonal test and the quantity of extracted pigments was determined spectroscopically. The results show that： （1） among the six organic solvents, acetone was the most effective one for the extraction; （2） the optimum extraction conditions were as follows： the ratio of S/M （solvent volume/ material weight） was 30 ml/g; fresh seaweed was extracted 2 times in 2 h; （3） the average total content of pigments was 1.85 mg/g （calculated with dry L. japonica）.  相似文献   

2014年冬季西太平洋浮游植物光合作用特征   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

李俊磊  孙晓霞  张文静  陈芸燕 《海洋与湖沼》2016,47(5):935-944

利用浮游植物荧光仪Phyto-PAM测量了西太平洋浮游植物最大光化学量子产量、快速光曲线系数,结合相应的生态因子,对西太平洋浮游植物进行了原位光合作用特征研究。结果表明：西太平洋走航断面表层浮游植物最大光化学量子产量F_v/F_m值基本在0.2以下,而DY（大洋）断面F_v/F_m平均值仅为0.16,光能利用效率α的变化范围为0.007-0.117,平均值为0.039;相对最大电子传递速率rETRmax变化范围为6.8-113.4（μmol/（s·m²））,平均值为32.72（μmol/（s·m²））;饱和光强Ek的变化范围为60.3-1662.7（μmol/（s·m²））,平均值为846.83（μmol/（s·m²））。DY断面F_v/F_m最大值水层与DCM层（叶绿素最大层）相吻合,既保护了浮游植物光反应中心不受强烈光辐射影响,又支持了DCM层浮游植物相对较强的光合作用和对整个水体初级生产力的贡献率。DY断面浮游植物具有极低的光能利用效率却需要较高的光强来达到光饱和,导致这种生活环境下浮游植物处于一种低活衰老的状态,这是造成某些大洋海区低生产力现象出现的原因之一。  相似文献   

眼斑双锯鱼(Amphiprion ocellaris)发育中体色花纹时序发生的色素细胞变化和控制基因表达的分析I.胚胎时期     

孙伟恒  孙志宾  王新安  马爱军  李迎娣  苟冬惠  于宏  李昊喆  VorathepMuthuwan  曲江波  洪宜展 《海洋与湖沼》2024,55(2):489-498

眼斑双锯鱼(Amphiprion ocellaris)属于鲈形目、雀鲷科、双锯鱼属, 是热带珊瑚礁观赏鱼类的首选品种。不同体色和花纹与色素细胞相关基因的表达直接相关, 在其胚胎发育的过程中, 色素细胞的形态和数量一直在变化, 但不同发育时期各种色素细胞的动态变化及其控制基因表达情况等仍需明确研究。记录了眼斑双锯鱼胚胎时期色素细胞变化较为明显的6个发育时期, 观察了不同时期的体色及色素细胞的变化特点, 并利用荧光定量PCR检测了各发育时期的10个体色控制基因的表达情况。结果显示: 在胚胎发育阶段, 整个胚胎的颜色从橙黄逐渐转变为暗红、黑红、黑色到最终透明, 观察到卵黄囊表面幼体黑色素细胞到成体黑色素细胞的转变过程, 鱼体表面在翻转期出现成体黑色素细胞、在器官形成期出现红色素细胞, 眼睛及腹部在孵化期出现虹彩色素细胞。结合荧光定量PCR结果分析发现: 卵黄囊表面幼体黑色素细胞推测是外胚层中的神经嵴细胞直接发育而成, 不需要迁移过程; Ednrb、TYR、Tbx2b基因对幼体黑色素细胞的形成和发育有重要作用, Pax3、Dct、Aim1基因与成体黑色素细胞的分化、迁移、形成过程密切相关; 其中TYR基因的相对表达量在体节期出现显著增加, 说明TYR基因在胚胎发育初期就参与黑色素细胞的形成; Tbx2b基因不仅对黑色素细胞形成有影响, 对眼斑双锯鱼心脏的形成也有一定作用; Fms基因对红色素细胞形成有重要作用; Ltk基因的表达要早于虹彩色素细胞的出现; 相关性分析发现各基因之间存在相互作用。  相似文献   

光合作用生物膜诱发的放射鲕粒:以江苏徐州贾旺剖面寒武系苗岭统张夏组为例^*          下载免费PDF全文

梅冥相 《古地理学报》2021,23(3):461-488

几年来针对巴哈马现代文石鲕粒的持续性研究表明,微生物和细胞外聚合物质(EPS)在鲕粒的形成和发育中起着关键而重要的作用,从而产生了一个重要的认识,即: 鲕粒可以看作是“纹层状的有机沉积构造”并遵循着微生物岩体系的一些形成特征。但是,鲕粒30亿年的发育历史、多样化的产出环境、特征性的矿物构成和各种各样的沉积组构,确实赋予了鲕粒生长和形成机理的复杂性和神秘性,因为鲕粒在何处而且如何形成、以及鲕粒究竟记录着何种生物与非生物过程的许多问题还存在剧烈争论。来自于江苏徐州贾旺剖面苗岭统张夏组上部鲕粒滩相灰岩,由较为典型的方解石放射鲕粒所组成,表现出放射状、放射—同心状和泥晶质的沉积组构,而且在鲕粒核心、鲕粒皮层以及在鲕粒间的不规则团块或凝块的暗色泥晶质构成中高密度地保存着精美的葛万菌(Girvanella)化石,进一步表明了这些暗色泥晶构成代表着较为特征的光合作用生物膜,从而提供了一个苗岭世方解石海中放射鲕粒形成较为直接的微生物证据,以及与光合作用生物膜之间复杂的成因联系,因为葛万菌是相对较为肯定地类比于近代钙化织线菌(Plectonema)的丝状蓝细菌化石,尽管还可类比于现代的伪枝菌(Scytonema)。虽然形成放射状鲕粒皮层的放射纤维状方解石的沉淀作用确实不能解释为直接的微生物沉淀作用的结果,但是,这些放射鲕粒确实表现出光合作用生物膜诱发、滋养并促进了放射纤维状方解石皮层增生作用的重要证据,为拓宽“鲕粒谜”的阐释提供了一个较为重要的典型实例,而且还成为寒武纪苗岭世方解石海与后生动物辐射相耦合的蓝细菌繁荣的重要证据。  相似文献   

赤潮藻鉴定与定量检测方法进展   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

于志刚  米铁柱  姚鹏  甄毓 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2009,39(5)

从基于形态学差异的图像识别技术、基于核酸分析的检测方法、基于免疫分析的检测方法、基于特征色素的方法和基于光学特性的方法5个方面,比较系统地回顾了有关赤潮藻定性鉴定和定量检测技术的发展,并就存在的问题和发展趋势作了简要分析。  相似文献   

海洋酸化对经济海藻坛紫菜叶状体的光照强度和温度适应范围的影响          下载免费PDF全文

李梦雅  许凯  唐小虹  张立日  徐燕  王文磊  纪德华  陈昌生  谢潮添 《应用海洋学学报》2021,40(3):388-394

坛紫菜(Pyropia haitanensis)养殖区的温度和光照强度变化幅度较大,坛紫菜叶状体对温度和光胁迫的耐受能力决定了产量。为了探究海洋酸化是否改变坛紫菜对温度和光胁迫的耐受能力,本研究采用实验生态学方法研究了坛紫菜的光合作用和生长对温度和光照强度的响应特点。结果表明,无论在短期(4 h)或长期(3～6 d)的高温和强光胁迫下,海洋酸化均提高了坛紫菜的光合速率和生长速率。特别是6 d的高温(31℃)处理导致坛紫菜叶状体死亡,而海洋酸化使得坛紫菜依然能维持0.1 d~(-1)的生长速率;在40～550μmol/(m~2·s)的光照强度范围内,酸化处理将叶状体生长速率提高27%以上。本研究表明海洋酸化提高坛紫菜对高温和强光的耐受能力,未来坛紫菜养殖产业可能受益于海洋酸化。  相似文献